Decolorization and detoxication of malachite green by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing novel thermostable laccase from Trametes trogii.

Malachite Green (MG) is a widely used industrial dye that is hazardous to health. Herein, the decolourisation and detoxification of MG were achieved using the engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing novel thermostable laccase lcc1 from Trametes trogii. The engineered strain RCL produced a high laccase activity of 121.83 U L-1. Lcc1 was stable at temperatures ranging from 20 ℃ to 60 ℃ and showed a high tolerance to organic solvents. Moreover, Lcc1 could decolorize different kinds of dyes (azo, anthraquinone and triphenylmethane), among which, the decolorization ability of MG is the highest, reaching 95.10 %, and the decolorization rate of other triphenylmethane dyes also over 50 %. The RCL decolorized about 95 % of 50 mg L-1 of MG dye in 10 h at 30 ℃. The MG degradation products were analyzed. The industrial application potential of the RCL was evaluated by treating industrial wastewater and the decolourisation rates were over 90 %.

Generation of tau dephosphorylation-targeting chimeras for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies.

Abnormal hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of tau protein play a pivotal role in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many other tauopathies. Selective elimination of hyperphosphorylated tau is promising for the therapy of these diseases. We have conceptualized a strategy, named dephosphorylation-targeting chimeras (DEPTACs), for specifically hijacking phosphatases to tau to debilitate its hyperphosphorylation. Here, we conducted the step-by-step optimization of each constituent motif to generate DEPTACs with reasonable effectiveness in facilitating the dephosphorylation and subsequent clearance of pathological tau. Specifically, for one of the selected chimeras, D16, we demonstrated its significant efficiency in rescuing the neurodegeneration caused by neurotoxic K18-tau seeds in vitro. Moreover, intravenous administration of D16 also alleviated tau pathologies in the brain and improved memory deficits in AD mice. These results suggested DEPTACs as targeted modulators of tau phosphorylation, which hold therapeutic potential for AD and other tauopathies.

Defense Regulatory Network Associated with circRNA in Rice in Response to Brown Planthopper Infestation.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a rice-specific pest, has risen to the top of the list of significant pathogens and insects in recent years. Host plant-mediated resistance is an efficient strategy for BPH control. Nonetheless, BPH resistance in rice cultivars has succumbed to the emergence of distinct virulent BPH populations. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating plant-environment interactions; however, the mechanisms underlying their insect-resistant functions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted an extensive genome-wide analysis using high-throughput sequencing to explore the response of rice circRNAs to BPH infestations. We identified a total of 186 circRNAs in IR56 rice across two distinct virulence groups: IR-IR56-BPH (referring to IR rice infested by IR56-BPH) and IR-TN1-BPH, along with a control group (IR-CK) without BPH infestation. Among them, 39 circRNAs were upregulated, and 43 circRNAs were downregulated in the comparison between IR-IR56-BPH and IR-CK. Furthermore, in comparison with IR-CK, 42 circRNAs exhibited upregulation in IR-TN1-BPH, while 42 circRNAs showed downregulation. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the targets of differentially expressed circRNAs were considerably enriched in a multitude of biological processes closely linked to the response to BPH infestations. Furthermore, we assessed a total of 20 randomly selected circRNAs along with their corresponding expression levels. Moreover, we validated the regulatory impact of circRNAs on miRNAs and mRNAs. These findings have led us to construct a conceptual model that circRNA is associated with the defense regulatory network in rice, which is likely facilitated by the mediation of their parental genes and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. This model contributes to the understanding of several extensively studied processes in rice-BPH interactions.

A ratiometric fluorescence platform based on WS2 QDs/CoOOH nanosheet system for α-glucosidase activity detection.

In this study, we have constructed a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for sensitive sensing of α-glucosidase activity based on WS2 QDs/ CoOOH nanosheet system. In this system, as an oxidase-imimicking nanomaterial, CoOOH nanosheet could convert o-phenylenediamine into 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP), which had a high fluorescence emission at 575 nm. The DAP subsequently could quench the fluorescence of WS2 QDs via the inner filter effect (IFE). L-Ascorbic acid-2-O-α-D-glucopyranose could be hydrolyzed by α-glucosidase to yield ascorbic acid. CoOOH nanosheet can be converted to Co2+ ions by ascorbic acid, leading to the fluorescence decrease of DAP and the fluorescence recovery of WS2 QDs. Therefore, a novel ratio fluorescence sensing strategy was established for α-glucosidase detection based on WS2 QDs/CoOOH nanosheet system. This WS2 QDs/CoOOH nanosheet system has a low detection limit of 0.009 U/mL for α-Glu assay. The proposed strategy succeeded in detecting α-Glu in human serum samples.

A FRET based ultrasensitive fluorescent aptasensor for 6'-sialyllactose detection.

As a kind of human milk oligosaccharide, 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) plays an important role in promoting infant brain development and improving infant immunity. The content of 6'-SL in infant formula milk powder is thus one of the important nutritional indexes. Since the lacking of efficient and rapid detection methods for 6'-SL, it is of great significance to develop specific recognition elements and establish fast and sensitive detection methods for 6'-SL. Herein, using 6'-SL specific aptamer as the recognition element, catalytic hairpin assembly as the signal amplification technology and quantum dots as the signal label, a fluorescence biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was constructed for ultra-sensitive detection of 6'-SL. The detection limit of this FRET-based fluorescent biosensor is 0.3 nM, and it has some outstanding characteristics such as high signal-to-noise ratio, low time-consuming, simplicity and high efficiency in the actual sample detection. Therefore, it has broad application prospect in 6'-SL detection.

Characterization of light-dependent rhythm of courtship vibrational signals in Nilaparvata lugens: essential involvement of cryptochrome genes.

BACKGROUND: Vibrational signal plays a crucial role in courtship communication in many insects. However, it remains unclear whether insect vibrational signals exhibit daily rhythmicity in response to changes in environmental cues. RESULTS: In this study, we observed daily rhythms of both female vibrational signals (FVS) and male vibrational signals (MVS) in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), one of the most notorious rice pests across Asia. Notably, oscillations of FVS and MVS in paired BPHs were synchronized as part of male-female duetting interactions, displaying significant day-night rhythmicity. Furthermore, we observed light dependency of FVS emissions under different photoperiodic regimes (18 L:6 D and 6 L:18 D) and illumination intensity levels (>300 lx, 50 lx, and 25 lx). Subsequently, the potential role of circadian clock genes cryptochromes (Nlcry1 and Nlcry2) in regulating FVS daily oscillations was examined using gene knockdown via RNA interference. We observed sharp declines and disrupted rhythms in FVS frequencies when either of the Nlcrys was downregulated, with Nlcry2 knockdown showing a more prominent effect. Moreover, we recorded a novel FVS variant (with a dominant frequency of 361.76 ± 4.31 Hz) emitted by dsNlcry1-treated BPH females, which significantly diminished the impact of courtship stimuli on receptive males. CONCLUSION: We observed light-dependent daily rhythms of substrate-borne vibrational signals (SBVS) in BPH and demonstrated essential yet distinct roles of the two Nlcrys. These findings enhanced our understanding of insect SBVS and illustrated the potential of novel precision physical control strategies for disrupting mating behaviors in this rice pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Bioactive Peptides from Ruditapes philippinarum Attenuate Hypertension and Cardiorenal Damage in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Hypertensive Rats.

Hypertension is a common disease that affects human health and can lead to damage to the heart, kidneys, and other important organs. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of bioactive peptides derived from Ruditapes philippinarum (RPP) on hypertension and organ protection in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. We found that RPPs exhibited significant blood pressure-lowering properties. Furthermore, the results showed that RPPs positively influenced vascular remodeling and effectively maintained a balanced water-sodium equilibrium. Meanwhile, RPPs demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential by reducing the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6). Moreover, we observed the strong antioxidant activity of RPPs, which played a critical role in reducing oxidative stress and alleviating hypertension-induced damage to the aorta, heart, and kidneys. Additionally, our study explored the regulatory effects of RPPs on the gut microbiota, suggesting a possible correlation between their antihypertensive effects and the modulation of gut microbiota. Our previous studies have demonstrated that RPPs can significantly reduce blood pressure in SHR rats. This suggests that RPPs can significantly improve both essential hypertension and DOAC-salt-induced secondary hypertension and can ameliorate cardiorenal damage caused by hypertension. These findings further support the possibility of RPPs as an active ingredient in functional anti-hypertensive foods.

Development and Immunoprotection of Bacterium-like Particle Vaccine against Infectious Bronchitis in Chickens.

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a major threat to the global poultry industry. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines, the IB epidemic has not been effectively controlled. The exploration of novel IBV vaccines may provide a new way to prevent and control IB. In this study, BLP-S1, a bacterium-like particle displaying the S1 subunit of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was constructed using the GEM-PA surface display system. The immunoprotective efficacy results showed that BLP-S1 can effectively induce specific IgG and sIgA immune responses, providing a protection rate of 90% against IBV infection in 14-day-old commercial chickens. These results suggest that BLP-S1 has potential for the development of novel vaccines with good immunogenicity and immunoprotection.

Effect of Paclobutrazol Application on Enhancing the Efficacy of Nitenpyram against the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most destructive rice pests in Asia. It has already developed a high level of resistance to many commonly used insecticides including nitenpyram (NIT), which is a main synthetic insecticide that is used to control BPH with a much shorter persistence compared to other neonicotinoid insecticides. Recently, we found that an exogenous supplement of paclobutrazol (PZ) could significantly enhance the efficacy of NIT against BPH, and the molecular mechanism underlying this synergistic effect was explored. The results showed that the addition of a range of 150-300 mg/L PZ increased the toxicity of NIT against BPH with the highest mortalities of 78.0-87.0% on the 16th day after treatments, and PZ could also significantly prolong the persistence of the NIT efficacies. Further investigation suggested that PZ directly increased the content of flavonoids and H2O2 in rice and increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase, which might be involved in the constitutive defense of rice in advance. Additionally, there was an interaction between PZ and BPH infestation, indicating that PZ might activate the host defense responses. Therefore, PZ increased the efficacy of NIT against the brown planthoppers by enhancing the constitutive and inducible defense responses of rice. Our study showed for the first time that PZ could contribute to improving the control effects of insecticides via inducing the defense responses in rice plants against BPH, which provided an important theoretical basis for developing novel pest management strategies in the field.

Lusianthridin Exerts Streptozotocin-Induced Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Female Rats via Alteration of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized via enhanced the glucose intolerance in the pregnant women, which further lead the expansion of gestational hypertension, hepatic damage, pre eclampsia and renal damage. Lusianthridin is the active phytoconstituent of Dendrabium venustu and exhibited the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this protocol, we examined the GDM protective effect of lusianthridin (LSD) against streptozotocin (STZ) induced GDM in the female rats. Single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) was used for the induction of diabetes in the pregnant female rats. The rats were orally treated with the LSD (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, body weight) for 18 days and blood glucose level, body weight and plasma insulin were estimated at regular time intervals. at end of the study, fetal weight, placental weight, number of live and dead fetuses were estimated. The antioxidant, lipid and cytokines level were also estimated. GDM rats treated with LSD remarkably improved the body weight of female rats along with fetal weight and suppressed the placental weight. LSD enhanced the live fetuses and suppressed the dead fetuses with reduction of reduced the dead ratio. LSD considerably suppressed the glucose level and improved the insulin level and suppressed the HOMA-IR. LSD significantly (p < 0.001) increased the level of hemoglobin, glycogen and suppressed the level of glycalated hemoglobin. LSD significantly (p < 0.001) altered the level of lipid parameters and inflammatory cytokines. LSD altered the level of antioxidant parameters in the liver and pancreas tissue. LSD significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the mRNA expression of troll like receptor (TLR)4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)p65 and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3), respectively. The results suggest that LSD has a protective effect on GDM in female rats induced by STZ, possibly through reducing the activity of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The predictive value of CD4, CD8, and C-reactive protein in the prognosis of schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Although schistosomiasis has been basically eliminated, it has not been completely extinction in China and occasional outbreaks occur in Europe in recent years. The relationship between inflammation caused by Schistosoma japonicum and colorectal cancer (CRC) is still obscure, and the inflammation based prognostic systems of schistosomal colorectal (SCRC) has rarely been reported. AIM: To explore the different roles of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in SCRC and in Non-schistosomal CRC (NSCRC), providing a possible predictive system to evaluate outcomes and to improve the risk stratification for CRC patients, especially for CRC patients with schistosomiasis. METHODS: Three hundred fifty-one CRC tumors were evaluated for density of CD4 + , CD8 + T cells and CRP in intratumoral and stromal compartments by immunohistochemical using tissue microarray. RESULTS: There were no association between TILs and CRP and schistosomiasis. Multivariate analysis identified stromal CD4 (sCD4) (p = 0.038), intratumoral CD8 (iCD8) (p = 0.003), schistosomiasis (p = 0.045) as independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in the whole cohort; and sCD4 (p = 0.006) and iCD8 (p = 0.020) were independent prognostic factors for OS in the NSCRC and SCRC set, respectively. Besides, we found that there were no differences of TILs and CRP, which were distributed in different areas of tumor tissue, between CRC patients with and without schistosomiasis. CONCLUSION: The results remind us that different subtypes of TILs have distinguished biological behavior and prognosis value in the immune microenvironment of NSCRC and SCRC patients. Meanwhile, the findings require us to stratify patients with schistosomiasis and this might facilitate patient counseling and management.

Comparison of the prognostic value of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD3 + T cells between schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer.

AIM: To compare the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD3 + cells and CD20 + cells between schistosomal colorectal cancer (SCRC) and non-schistosomal CRC (NSCRC). BACKGROUND: Although schistosomiasis has been basically eliminated, it has not been completely extinction in China, and occasional outbreaks occur in Europe recently. The role of immune cells in the immune microenvironment of SCRC and NSCRC is remaining obscure, and the inflammation-based prognostic systems of SCRC has rarely been reported. METHODS: HE-stained sections of 349 colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors, which were completely resected, were evaluated for density of TILs. Meanwhile, we evaluated CD3 + T lymphocytes and CD20 + B lymphocytes by immunochemistry. The relationship of these infiltrating immune cells with clinicopathological features, including schistosomiasis, and clinical outcomes was evaluated, and the prognostic roles of TILs in SCRC and NSCRC were explored. RESULTS: Except for age (P < 0.0001), there were no significant differences between NSCRC and SCRC patients in clinicopathological features (P > 0.05). Beside, the positive expression pattern of sTILs, iTILs, CD3, and CD20 between NSCRC and SCRC patients was also similar (P > 0.05). In the whole cohort, sTILs and CD3 were defined as independent prognostic factors (P = 0.031 and P = 0.003, respectively). CD3 was an independent prognostic factor both in the NSCRC and SCRC set (P = 0.026 and P = 0.045, respectively). Higher sTILs, CD3, and CD20 were correlated with less aggressive tumor characteristics in the whole cohort and in subgroups. CONCLUSION: Although CD3 was an independent prognostic factor for both NSCRC and SCRC set, there were no significant differences between SCRC and NSCRC patients in sTILs, CD3, CD20, and in other clinicopathological features.

Vitamin D and neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, featured by progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, are considered incurable at present. Movement disorders like tremor and postural instability, cognitive or behavioral disorders such as memory impairment are the most common symptoms of them and the growing patient population of neurodegenerative diseases poses a serious threat to public health and a burden on economic development. Hence, it is vital to prevent the occurrence of the diseases and delay their progress. Vitamin D can be transformed into a hormone in vivo with both genomic and non-genomic actions, exerting diverse physiological effects. Cumulative evidence indicates that vitamin D can ameliorate neurodegeneration by regulating pertinent molecules and signaling pathways including maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, suppressing the formation and aggregation of the pathogenic protein, etc. This review updates discoveries of molecular mechanisms underlying biological functions of vitamin D in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and vascular dementia. Clinical trials investigating the influence of vitamin D supplementation in patients with neurodegenerative diseases are also summarized. The synthesized information will probably provoke an enhanced understanding of the neuroprotective roles of vitamin D in the nervous system and provide therapeutic options for patients with neurodegenerative diseases in the future.

Long non­coding RNA NEAT1 promotes mouse granulosa cell proliferation and estradiol synthesis by sponging miR­874­3p.

It has been reported that long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is involved in follicular growth and multiple ovarian diseases, but not the physiological function of NEAT1 in mouse granulosa cells (mGCs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of NEAT1 in mGCs. The biological effects of NEAT1 on mGCs proliferation, apoptosis, production of 17ß-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were investigated using MTS, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The association between NEAT1 and microRNA (miR)-874-3p was verified using luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation analysis. The results demonstrated that the knockdown of NEAT1 in mGC cells significantly promoted mGCs cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and increased the production of E2 and P4 in mGCs. The interference-mediated effect of NEAT1 on mGCs could be partially reversed by the downregulation of miR-874-3p. Overall, these results indicated that NEAT1 served as a competing endogenous RNA by competitively binding with miR-874-3p, thereby modulating mGCs proliferation and the production of E2 and P4 in mGCs.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal miR-185-5p plays a protective role in high-glucose stimulated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro by regulating CXCL8.

In this study, we intended to probe the impacts and mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs)-derived exosomal miR-185-5p on angiogenesis and inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Based on the GEO database, we found that CXCL8 was differentially expressed in DR, and GO and KEGG analysis further revealed that CXCL8 was associated with angiogenesis and inflammatory response. Upstream miR-185-5p of CXCL8 was predicted by bioinformatics analyses and the binding relation between miR-185-5p and CXCL8 was further validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were added with high-glucose (HG) to construct a DR cell model. Exosomes secreted by BM-MSCs were isolated, and the DR cell model was treated with different intervention vectors of exosomes. Cell proliferation and angiogenesis were measured by MTT assay and Matrigel angiogenesis experiment, respectively, and the levels of VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1ß as well as IL-6 were examined by ELISA. The results showed that CXCL8 was highly expressed in HRMECs treated with HG. CXCL8 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, angiogenesis as well as concentration of inflammatory factors in DR cell models, while overexpression of CXCL8 had the opposite effects. CXCL8 was verified to be directly targeted by miR-185-5p. BM-MSCs-derived exosomes inhibited the proliferation, angiogenesis and concentration of inflammatory factors of DR cell models, but this effect was partly reversed by miR-185-5p inhibitor. In conclusion, BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-185-5p inhibits angiogenesis and inflammatory response in DR cell models via regulating CXCL8. BM-MSCs-derived exosomal miR-185-5p is expected to be the therapeutic target of DR.

Hypomethylation and the Resultant Overexpressed PARM1: a Biomarker for Poor Prognosis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein (PARM1) is known to promote cell survival via protecting the cell surface, thus being involved in cancer development. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), MEXPRESS database, LinkedOmics database, GeneMANIA database, and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were accessed to explore the epigenetic regulation, prognostic value, biological functions and mechanisms of PARM1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Hypomethylation and resultant overexpression of PARM1 was found in DLBCL. The high-level expression of PARM1 was related to the poor outcome of DLBCL patients. PARM1 participated in DNA repair, cell cycle, and cellular response to stress. PARM1 was also associated with autophagy, apoptosis, Ras pathway, and MAPK cascade. Significant kinase targets of PARM1 included ATM, CDK1, and CDK2. Significant transcription factor targets of PARM1 involved ELK1, MYC and so on. Significant miRNA targets of PARM1 included miR21, miR202, miR323, and miR345. Further analysis suggested that the PARM1 regulated autophagy through the PI3K-Akt signaling. PARM1 was found to be correlated with immune cell infiltration, which indicated the important roles of PARM1 in microenvironment of DLBCL. Our study lays a foundation for further research on the impact of PARM1 in DLBCL tumorigenesis and precision therapy.

SPARC plays an important role in the oviposition and nymphal development in Nilaparvata lugens Stål.

BACKGROUND: The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)is a notorious rice pest in many areas of Asia. Study on the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and reproduction will provide scientific basis for effective control. SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is one of structural component of the extracellular matrix, which influences a diverse array of biological functions. In this study, the gene for SPARC was identified and functionally analysed from N.lugens. RESULTS: The result showed that the NlSPARC mRNA was highly expressed in fat body, hemolymph and early embryo. The mortality increased significantly when NlSPARC was downregulated after RNA interference (RNAi) in 3 ~ 4th instar nymphs. Downregulation of NlSPARC in adults significantly reduced the number of eggs and offspring, as well as the transcription level of NlSPARC in newly hatched nymphs and survival rate in progeny. The observation with microanatomy on individuals after NlSPARC RNAi showed smaller and less abundant fat body than that in control. No obvious morphological abnormalities in the nymphal development and no differences in development of internal reproductive organ were observed when compared with control. CONCLUSION: NlSPARC is required for oviposition and nymphal development mainly through regulating the tissue of fat body in N.lugens. NlSPARC could be a new candidate target for controlling the rapid propagation of N.lugens population. Our results also demonstrated that the effect of NlSPARC RNAi can transfer to the next generation in N.lugens.

Analysis of high risk factors for complications in the trial of vaginal delivery due to uterine scarring in a subsequent pregnancy to a cesarean section / Análisis de factores de alto riesgo para complicaciones en el trabajo de parto vaginal debidas a cicatrización uterina en un embarazo posterior a una operación cesárea

Abstract The purpose of this work was to analyze the high-risk factors of complications in the trial of vaginal delivery of a subsequent pregnancy for scar uterus after a previous cesarean. 136 pregnant women with scar uterus with a history of cesarean who were admitted to our obstetrics department from February 2016 to March 2019 were selected and were divided into a successful group and a failed group according to the results of pregnancy and trial of labor vaginal delivery. General data of before, during, and after delivery were collected and the high-risk factors for failed vaginal delivery of scar uterine were analyzed by the logistic regression analysis. Among the 136 patients, 108 cases (79.41%) of vaginal trials were successful, and 28 cases (20.59%) of vaginal trials faired. The univariate analysis showed that the differences in gravidity, parity and the previous cesarean interval, vaginal birth history, prenatal BMI, uterine contraction, gestational age, infant weight, dilatation of the cervix, cervical Bishop score, the height of the fetal head, the thickness of the lower uterus, and whether the membranes were prematurely ruptured were statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed vaginal birth history, prenatal BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, parity ≥ 2 times, cesarean interval <2 times, dilatation of cervix ≥ 1 cm, the height of the fetal head ≥ -3, premature rupture of the membrane and the thickness of the lower uterus of 3.0 to 3.9 cm were the high-risk factors of complications in the vaginal trial delivery of pregnancy again for scar uterus (P<0.05). It is feasible for pregnant women with scar uterus to undergo vaginal delivery, but many related factors can affect the failure of trial of labor. It is necessary to pay attention to all aspects of clinical examination and choose applications strictly according to the indications.

Resumen El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar los factores de alto riesgo de complicaciones por cicatriz uterina en la prueba de parto vaginal del siguiente embarazo después de una cesárea previa. 136 gestantes con cicatriz uterina fueron seleccionadas con antecedente de cesárea anterior que ingresaron a nuestro servicio de obstetricia de febrero 2016 a marzo 2019, y se dividieron en un grupo exitoso y un grupo fallido según los resultados de las pruebas de embarazo y parto vaginal. Los datos generales anteriores fueron recolectados, durante y después del parto y se analizaron los factores de alto riesgo para el parto vaginal fallido de la cicatriz uterina mediante el análisis de regresión logística. Entre las 136 pacientes, 108 casos (79,41%) de las pruebas vaginales fueron exitosas y 28 casos (20,59%) de las pruebas vaginales fracasaron. El análisis univariado mostró que las diferencias en la gravidez, la paridad y el intervalo de cesárea previa, la historia de parto vaginal, el IMC prenatal, la contracción uterina, la edad gestacional, el peso del lactante, la dilatación del cuello uterino, la puntuación cervical de Bishop, la altura de la cabeza fetal, el grosor del segmento uterino inferior, y si las membranas se habían roto prematuramente fueron estadísticamente significativas (P<0,05). El análisis de regresión logística mostró antecedente del parto vaginal, el IMC prenatal ≥ 30 kg/m2, la paridad ≥ 2 veces, el intervalo entre cesáreas < 2 veces, la dilatación del cuello uterino ≥ 1 cm, la altura de la cabeza fetal ≥ -3, la ruptura prematura de la membrana y el grosor del segmento uterino inferior de 3,0 a 3,9 cm fueron los factores de alto riesgo de complicaciones por cicatriz uterina en la prueba de parto vaginal de un siguiente embarazo (P<0,05). Sería posible que las gestantes con cicatriz uterina vuelvan a someterse a parto vaginal, pero existen muchos factores relacionados que inciden en el fracaso del trabajo de parto. Es necesario prestar atención a todos los aspectos de la exploración física y elegir las aplicaciones estrictamente de acuerdo con las indicaciones.

Knockdown of the chromatin remodeling ATPase gene Brahma impairs the reproductive potential of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most destructive pests in rice-growing regions of Asia. Extensive studies have suggested that SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling ATPase Brahma (BRM) plays multiple roles in the insect model Drosophila. Yet much less is known about the physiological properties for NlBRM. In the present study, the cloned full-length cDNA of NlBRM was 5637 bp and contained an ORF of 5292 bp encoding a 194.53 kD protein. The spatiotemporal dynamics of NlBRM was investigated by qPCR, which showed that it was abundantly expressed in the egg and ovary. Then significant downregulation of NlBRM by dsRNA injection had a relatively greater impact on female survival than male. Moreover, the number of oviposition marks of the NlBRM-RNAi females were declined by 61.11% - 73.33% compared with the controls during the subsequent 5 days after dsRNA injection. Meanwhile, the number of newly hatched BPH nymphs also decreased correspondingly by 93.56% - 100%. Phenotypic analysis revealed that none of normally banana-shaped eggs were discernable in the ovaries of NlBRM-deficient females, where mRNA expression of N. lugens vitellogenin gene was also reduced. Our results demonstrated that NlBRM played a crucial role in ovarian development and fecundity of BPH, likely by regulating the vitellogenin gene in vivo, which could be as a promising target for parental RNAi-based control of this serious rice pest.

Revealing the Roles of MOAP1 in Diseases: A Review.

Modulator of apoptosis protein1 (MOAP1), also known as MAP1 and PNMA4, belongs to the PNMA gene family consisting of at least 15 genes located on different chromosomes. MOAP1 interacts with the BAX protein, one of the most important apoptosis regulators. Due to its critical role in a few of disease-associated pathways, MOAP1 is associated with many diseases such as cancers and neurological diseases. In this study, we introduced MOAP1 and its biological functions and reviewed the associations between MOAP1 and a few diseases including cancers, neurological diseases, and other diseases such as inflammation and heart diseases. We also explained possible biological mechanisms underlying the associations between MOAP1 and these diseases, and discussed a few future directions regarding MOAP1, especially its potential roles in neurodegenerative disorders. In summary, MOAP1 plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancers and neurological diseases by regulating a few genes related to cellular apoptosis such as BAX and RASSF1A and interacting with disease-associated miRNAs, including miR-25 and miR1228.